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Fetomat Wellness: Best Infertility Clinic in Kolkata

What is Infertility? What Conditions Are Treated By Infertility Specialists? What Causes Infertility in Men? What Causes Infertility in Women? Why is Fertility Testing Important? When Should Women Undergo Fertility Testing? When Should Men Undergo Fertility Testing? FAQs

What is Infertility?

Infertility is the condition of not being able to get pregnant despite having unprotected, regular intercourse for one year. It can affect both men and women and may also refer to difficulties in carrying a pregnancy to term, including recurrent miscarriages.

What Conditions Are Treated By Infertility Specialists?

Infertility specialists address a variety of conditions that can impact the ability to conceive. These include:

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Ovulation Disorders:

Irregular or absent ovulation, often due to conditions, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorders.

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Blocked Fallopian Tubes:

Obstructions in the fallopian tubes that prevent eggs from travelling to the uterus, which can be caused due to pelvic inflammatory disease or endometriosis.

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Male Infertility Issues:

Problems such as low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or abnormal sperm morphology can affect the ability to fertilise an egg.

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Endometriosis:

It is a condition where tissue similar to the uterus lining grows outside the uterus, which can impact fertility.

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Uterine Abnormalities:

Structural problems in the uterus, such as fibroids, polyps, or congenital anomalies, that can interfere with implantation or pregnancy maintenance.

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Immune System Disorders:

Conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks sperm or embryos, affecting fertility.

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Unexplained Infertility:

Cases where no specific cause can be identified despite thorough testing, often requiring advanced reproductive techniques.

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What Causes Infertility in Men?

As per infertility treatment doctors, the causes of infertility in men include the following.

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Medical Conditions Affecting Sperm Production or Quality:

Conditions such as undescended testicles, genetic disorders and hormone imbalances impact sperm production. Infections like chlamydia, gonorrhoea, mumps, or HIV can also affect sperm quality. Additionally, varicocele, an enlargement of veins in the scrotum, can impair sperm quality.

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Problems with Sperm Delivery:

Issues such as premature ejaculation, certain genetic conditions like cystic fibrosis, blockages in the reproductive tract, or injuries to the reproductive organs can hinder sperm from reaching the female reproductive tract.

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Environmental Factors:

Exposure to pesticides, chemicals, or radiation can negatively affect sperm production. Certain medications used for treating bacterial infections, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as frequent exposure to heat (e.g., saunas or hot tubs), may also impact fertility.

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Cancer and Its Treatments:

Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy can damage the production of sperm, leading to infertility.

What Causes Infertility in Women?

Most women seek infertility treatment for the following causes which include the following.

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Ovulation Disorders:

Ovulation disorders impact the release of eggs from the ovaries and can include conditions, like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hormonal imbalances, and high levels of prolactin (a hormone necessary for milk production). Thyroid imbalances—either hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid hormone) or hypothyroidism (insufficient thyroid hormone)—can also disrupt the menstrual cycle and contribute to infertility. Other potential causes include excessive exercise, eating disorders, or tumours.

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Conditions of the Uterus:

Issues related to the uterus include uterine polyps, fibroids, abnormalities in the uterus’s shape, and problems with the cervix may prevent a fertilised egg from attaching to the uterine lining.

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Fallopian Tube Damage or Blockage:

Damage or blockages in the fallopian tubes, often due to salpingitis (inflammation of the tubes) or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), can prevent eggs and sperm from meeting or hinder the passage of a fertilised egg to the uterus.

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Endometriosis:

Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. This condition can impair the function of the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes, affecting fertility.

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Primary Ovarian Insufficiency:

Primary ovarian insufficiency involves the premature loss of ovarian function before age 40, leading to the cessation of menstrual periods. Causes may include immune system diseases, genetic conditions like Turner syndrome, or treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy.

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Pelvic Adhesions:

Pelvic adhesions are bands of scar tissue that bind organs together, often resulting from pelvic infections, appendicitis, endometriosis, or abdominal or pelvic surgery. These adhesions can interfere with reproductive function.

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Cancer and Its Treatment:

Certain cancers, particularly those affecting the reproductive organs, can reduce fertility. Additionally, treatments such as radiation and chemotherapy may negatively impact a woman’s ability to conceive.

Why is Fertility Testing Important?

Infertility specialists recommend fertility testing for the following reasons.

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Identifies Fertility Issues:

Fertility testing helps identify certain medical or physiological issues that may be impacting your ability to conceive, such as hormonal imbalances, structural abnormalities, or genetic conditions.

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Guides Treatment Plans:

By determining the root causes of infertility, tests enable healthcare providers to develop targeted treatment plans. This can include medications, lifestyle changes, or assisted reproductive technologies like IVF.

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Saves Time and Reduces Stress:

Early and accurate diagnosis can help avoid unnecessary delays and reduce the emotional stress associated with unexplained infertility. Knowing the cause allows for more efficient and focused treatment.

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Improves Success Rates:

Understanding the specific factors affecting fertility can significantly increase the likelihood of successful conception through tailored interventions and personalised care.

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Helps Make Decisions:

Fertility testing provides valuable information that can help you and your partner make well-informed decisions about your family planning options, including the timing and type of treatments to pursue.

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Monitors Reproductive Health:

Regular fertility assessments can also help monitor reproductive health over time, especially if you have pre-existing conditions or are undergoing fertility treatments.

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When Should Women Undergo Fertility Testing?

Women must undergo fertility testing for the following reasons.

Age-Related Concerns:

Women over the age of 35 should consider testing after 6 months of trying to conceive, as fertility tends to decline with age.

Irregular Menstrual Cycles:

If you experience irregular or absent menstrual cycles, it may indicate underlying fertility issues that warrant evaluation.

Known Health Conditions:

Women with pre-existing conditions that affect reproductive health, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, or thyroid disorders, should undergo testing to assess their impact on fertility.

Recurrent Miscarriages:

If you have experienced multiple miscarriages, fertility testing can help identify potential causes and guide appropriate treatment.

Signs of Hormonal Imbalances:

Symptoms such as significant weight changes, excessive hair growth, or severe acne may suggest hormonal imbalances that could affect fertility.

When Should Men Undergo Fertility Testing?

Men must consider fertility testing in the following scenarios.

Known Health Conditions:

If you have medical conditions that could impact fertility, such as diabetes, hormone imbalances, or genetic disorders, it’s important to undergo testing.

Symptoms of Reproductive Issues:

Experiencing symptoms like reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, or pain in the testicles can indicate underlying fertility problems that warrant evaluation.

Previous Medical Treatments:

If you have undergone treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation, which can affect sperm production, fertility testing is recommended to assess any potential impact.

Genetic Concerns:

If there is a family history of genetic disorders that could affect fertility, it may be beneficial to undergo testing to assess your reproductive health.

Environmental or Lifestyle Factors:

If you have significant exposure to environmental toxins, and chemicals, or have a history of substance abuse, testing can help determine if these factors are impacting your fertility.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are common reasons for infertility?

Common reasons for infertility include ovulation disorders (such as polycystic ovary syndrome), blocked fallopian tubes, uterine abnormalities, endometriosis, low sperm count or poor sperm quality in men, and age-related factors. Both partners may also experience unexplained infertility, where no specific cause is identified despite thorough testing.

What are the symptoms of infertility in men and women?

Signs of infertility in men and women include the following.

Women: Irregular or absent menstrual periods, pelvic pain, painful periods, and hormonal symptoms such as excessive hair growth or acne.

Men: Low libido, erectile dysfunction, pain or swelling in the testicles, and reduced hair growth or other signs of hormonal imbalances.

What are some of the best infertility treatments for females and males?

Some of the best infertility treatments for females and males are as follows.

Females: Treatments may include medication to regulate ovulation, hormone therapy, surgical procedures to correct anatomical issues, intrauterine insemination (IUI), or in vitro fertilisation (IVF).

Males: Treatments can involve medication to improve sperm production, hormone therapy, surgical correction of blockages, or assisted reproductive technologies like IUI or IVF with sperm retrieval techniques.

What are the types of infertility?

Types of infertility are listed below.

Primary Infertility: It refers to couples who have never been able to conceive after at least one year of trying.

Secondary Infertility: This affects couples who have previously conceived but are now experiencing difficulty conceiving again.

How can couples manage infertility?

Couples can manage infertility by seeking diagnosis and treatment, exploring lifestyle changes such as improving diet, reducing stress and considering assisted reproductive technologies.

What are some risk factors for infertility?

Risk factors include advanced age, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, exposure to environmental toxins, obesity or being underweight, certain medical conditions (like diabetes or thyroid disorders), and a history of sexually transmitted infections.

Why is infertility counselling important?

Infertility counselling is important because it helps individuals and couples cope with the emotional and psychological challenges of infertility and seek appropriate treatment.

When is the right time to schedule an appointment with an infertility specialist?

An appointment with an infertility specialist should be scheduled if you have been trying to conceive for over a year without success if you are over 35 and have been trying for 6 months or more, or if you have known reproductive health issues or symptoms that may affect fertility.